 & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(1)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(2)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(3)} \\ \midrule
\specialcell{\textbf{A. Debate listening index}}&                  &         &                  &         &                  &         \\
\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Intensive Invite}&    0.294\sym{***}&  (0.101)&    0.330\sym{***}&  (0.102)&    0.419\sym{***}&  (0.101)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Days since Sept 1&   -0.005\sym{**} &  (0.002)&   -0.005\sym{***}&  (0.002)&   -0.004\sym{*}  &  (0.002)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Male&    0.210\sym{***}&  (0.036)&    0.224\sym{***}&  (0.037)&    0.222\sym{***}&  (0.038)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Respondent age&    0.001         &  (0.001)&    0.002         &  (0.002)&    0.002         &  (0.002)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Primary&   -0.017         &  (0.070)&   -0.015         &  (0.066)&   -0.022         &  (0.074)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Secondary&    0.092\sym{**} &  (0.043)&    0.087\sym{**} &  (0.042)&    0.090\sym{**} &  (0.042)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Tertiary&    0.071\sym{*}  &  (0.040)&    0.055         &  (0.057)&    0.063         &  (0.061)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Scheduled debate week&   -0.033         &  (0.051)&   -0.040         &  (0.045)&   -0.051         &  (0.041)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Number of candidates (2017)&    0.006         &  (0.017)&    0.021         &  (0.017)&    0.016         &  (0.017)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Incumbent ran in election (2017)&    0.197\sym{**} &  (0.089)&    0.268\sym{***}&  (0.090)&    0.241\sym{***}&  (0.086)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Log registered voters (2017)&   -0.405\sym{**} &  (0.170)&   -0.305\sym{**} &  (0.151)&   -0.416\sym{***}&  (0.153)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Number of debates in district&   -0.115         &  (0.087)&   -0.168\sym{*}  &  (0.086)&   -0.130         &  (0.081)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} 1st voteshare (2011)&    0.086         &  (0.903)&    0.794         &  (0.733)&    0.763         &  (0.782)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} 2nd voteshare (2011)&   -1.246         &  (0.915)&   -0.698         &  (0.846)&   -0.702         &  (0.826)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} 3rd voteshare (2011)&    1.591\sym{*}  &  (0.932)&    2.076\sym{**} &  (0.954)&    2.271\sym{**} &  (0.996)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Voteshare HHI (2011)&    0.198         &  (1.253)&   -0.854         &  (1.040)&   -0.749         &  (1.105)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Turnout (2011)&    3.637\sym{***}&  (1.094)&    3.898\sym{***}&  (0.962)&    3.847\sym{***}&  (0.974)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share of repeat candidates (2017)&   -0.038         &  (0.285)&    0.063         &  (0.303)&    0.001         &  (0.293)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Log population density (2008)&   -0.106\sym{**} &  (0.045)&   -0.126\sym{***}&  (0.043)&   -0.117\sym{***}&  (0.039)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share with GSM coverage (2015)&    0.978\sym{***}&  (0.198)&    0.938\sym{***}&  (0.189)&    0.883\sym{***}&  (0.178)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share owns a radio (2016)&    0.880\sym{**} &  (0.335)&    0.606\sym{**} &  (0.298)&    0.708\sym{**} &  (0.294)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share gets radio news often (2016)&   -1.307\sym{***}&  (0.262)&   -1.160\sym{***}&  (0.273)&   -1.127\sym{***}&  (0.243)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share over 18 (2008)&    7.802\sym{***}&  (2.446)&    7.439\sym{***}&  (2.099)&    6.739\sym{***}&  (2.179)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share with secondary education (2008)&    0.708         &  (1.174)&    1.115         &  (1.105)&    1.205         &  (0.990)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Avg. N radio stations covering each town (2016)&   -0.017\sym{**} &  (0.008)&   -0.023\sym{***}&  (0.008)&   -0.022\sym{***}&  (0.008)\\
\midrule
\hspace{0.1cm} Observations&    4,060         &         &    4,060         &         &    4,060         &         \\
\hspace{0.1cm} Weight&       No         &         &    1/Obs         &         &  Reg/Obs         &         \\
\midrule
\specialcell{\textbf{B. Debate knowledge index}}&                  &         &                  &         &                  &         \\
\hspace{0.1cm} \textit{Intensive Invite}&    0.123\sym{*}  &  (0.063)&    0.124\sym{**} &  (0.058)&    0.162\sym{***}&  (0.059)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Days since Sept 1&   -0.003         &  (0.002)&   -0.003\sym{*}  &  (0.002)&   -0.002         &  (0.002)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Male&    0.269\sym{***}&  (0.034)&    0.281\sym{***}&  (0.037)&    0.267\sym{***}&  (0.037)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Respondent age&    0.003\sym{**} &  (0.001)&    0.003\sym{**} &  (0.002)&    0.003\sym{*}  &  (0.002)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Primary&    0.105         &  (0.064)&    0.106\sym{*}  &  (0.061)&    0.099         &  (0.063)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Secondary&    0.076         &  (0.050)&    0.071         &  (0.045)&    0.080\sym{*}  &  (0.045)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Education: Tertiary&    0.061         &  (0.038)&    0.032         &  (0.040)&    0.040         &  (0.037)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Scheduled debate week&   -0.099         &  (0.063)&   -0.104\sym{*}  &  (0.056)&   -0.110\sym{**} &  (0.054)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Number of candidates (2017)&    0.010         &  (0.022)&    0.027         &  (0.022)&    0.021         &  (0.022)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Incumbent ran in election (2017)&    0.249\sym{**} &  (0.118)&    0.316\sym{***}&  (0.119)&    0.301\sym{**} &  (0.119)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Log registered voters (2017)&   -0.629\sym{***}&  (0.209)&   -0.518\sym{***}&  (0.180)&   -0.668\sym{***}&  (0.189)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Number of debates in district&   -0.216\sym{*}  &  (0.111)&   -0.249\sym{**} &  (0.106)&   -0.212\sym{*}  &  (0.107)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} 1st voteshare (2011)&    0.501         &  (1.195)&    0.914         &  (1.044)&    0.813         &  (1.158)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} 2nd voteshare (2011)&   -1.533         &  (1.172)&   -0.655         &  (1.114)&   -0.996         &  (1.162)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} 3rd voteshare (2011)&    2.790\sym{**} &  (1.269)&    2.931\sym{**} &  (1.357)&    3.321\sym{**} &  (1.435)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Voteshare HHI (2011)&   -0.398         &  (1.642)&   -1.204         &  (1.438)&   -0.937         &  (1.593)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Turnout (2011)&    5.425\sym{***}&  (1.493)&    5.746\sym{***}&  (1.305)&    5.881\sym{***}&  (1.371)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share of repeat candidates (2017)&   -0.198         &  (0.377)&   -0.069         &  (0.398)&   -0.085         &  (0.405)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Log population density (2008)&   -0.164\sym{**} &  (0.062)&   -0.185\sym{***}&  (0.061)&   -0.190\sym{***}&  (0.057)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share with GSM coverage (2015)&    1.205\sym{***}&  (0.266)&    1.163\sym{***}&  (0.271)&    1.122\sym{***}&  (0.269)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share owns a radio (2016)&    1.368\sym{***}&  (0.445)&    0.965\sym{**} &  (0.387)&    1.071\sym{***}&  (0.393)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share gets radio news often (2016)&   -1.294\sym{***}&  (0.355)&   -1.061\sym{***}&  (0.377)&   -1.004\sym{***}&  (0.358)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share over 18 (2008)&    9.422\sym{***}&  (3.020)&    8.601\sym{***}&  (2.591)&    8.093\sym{***}&  (2.743)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Share with secondary education (2008)&    2.213         &  (1.461)&    2.431\sym{*}  &  (1.324)&    2.824\sym{**} &  (1.255)\\
\hspace{0.1cm} Avg. N radio stations covering each town (2016)&   -0.018         &  (0.011)&   -0.024\sym{**} &  (0.010)&   -0.019\sym{*}  &  (0.011)\\
\midrule
\hspace{0.1cm} Observations&    4,060         &         &    4,060         &         &    4,060         &         \\
\hspace{0.1cm} Weight&       No         &         &    1/Obs         &         &  Reg/Obs         &         \\
